help please
1. Covalent Bonds are formed when atoms

A. Give Electrons
B. Share Electrons
C. Take Electrons

Chemical weathering is an example of Airborne oxygen reacts with the iron content of rocks, causing them to change color.

Chemical weathering is a process in which things disintegrate due to chemical reactions, mostly with water and compounds dissolved in it, rather than mechanical processes.

A) Freezing water widens fissures in rocks is a physical phenomenon in which water stuck inside crevices in rocks expands when frozen at lower temperatures. In this method, no chemical changes are seen.

B) Plant roots force their way into cracks in rocks and finally shatter them. This is a physical process in which plant roots search for water and nutrients in fissures in rocks and eventually break them. There are no chemical changes visible here.

C) Oxygen in the air reacts with iron content in rocks, causing them to change color; as we can see, the color of rocks is changing as a result of a chemical reaction between oxygen in the air and iron content in the rocks. This process is also characterized by rock disintegration. As a result, this is referred to as chemical weathering.

D) Strong winds physically peel soft rock away, leaving harder rock behind There is no visible chemical change.

As a result, the correct solution is Option C), which provides completely adequate modifications to be classified as chemical weathering.

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If equal masses of O2(g) and HBr(g) are in separate containers of equal volume and temperature, one of the following statements is true The statement that is true in this scenario is that the number of moles of O2 .

To understand why this is true, we need to consider the concept of molar mass. Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). The molar mass of O2 is approximately 32 g/mol, while the molar mass of HBr is approximately 81 g/mol.

Since the mass of O2 and HBr in the containers is equal, this means that the number of moles of O2 and HBr will be different. The number of moles can be calculated by dividing the mass of the substance by its molar mass. The number of moles of O2 can be calculated as 32 g / 32 g/mol = 1 mole.

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The given compound is made up of 71.65% chlorine, 24.27% carbon, and 4.07% hydrogen. It's molar mass is 98.96g/mol. To determine the molecular formula of the given compound, follow the steps given below: Step 1: Determine the empirical formula. The empirical formula can be determined from the percent composition of the compound. Assume that we have a 100-gram sample, then the number of grams of each element can be calculated:71.65 g Cl × (1 mol Cl/35.45 g Cl) = 2.02 mol Cl24.27 g C × (1 mol C/12.01 g C) = 2.02 mol C4.07 g H × (1 mol H/1.008 g H) = 4.04 mol H. Next, divide each number of moles by the smallest number of moles: Cl: 2.02 / 2.02 = 1C: 2.02 / 2.02 = 1H: 4.04 / 2.02 = 2The empirical formula of the compound is CH2Cl.Step 2: Calculate the empirical formula mass.

The empirical formula mass of CH2Cl is:1 × 12.01 (molar mass of C) + 2 × 1.008 (molar mass of H) + 1 × 35.45 (molar mass of Cl) = 49.48 g/mol. Step 3: Determine the scaling factor Divide the molar mass of the compound (98.96 g/mol) by the empirical formula mass (49.48 g/mol) to determine the scaling factor:98.96 g/mol ÷ 49.48 g/mol = 1.998The scaling factor is approximately 2, so multiply the subscripts in the empirical formula by 2 to get the molecular formula: Molecular formula = C2H4Cl2Thus, the molecular formula of the given compound is C2H4Cl2.

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Answer:

We round numbers so we can find an answer or an estimate that will be close to the actual answer. Rounding numbers is also another way to get close to an exact answer without the trouble of having to calculate every number.

Answer:

Rounding numbers make the numbers easier and more simple to use . Though they may less accurate because of the changes number . Rounding is mainly used for estimates

Answer:

true

Explanation:

true

Ni²⁺ is the only ion on the list that can exist as both a high-spin and a low-spin octahedral complex. The correct option is B.

An electrostatic model called the crystal field theory (CFT) assumes that the metal-ligand connection is ionic and results only from electrostatic interactions between the metal ion and the ligand. When dealing with anions, ligands are viewed as point charges, and when dealing with neutral molecules, as dipoles.

The crystal field splitting theory predicts that some transition metal ions can exist as either high-spin or low-spin octahedral complexes, depending on the magnitude of the crystal field splitting parameter (Δ) relative to the pairing energy (P).

Of the ions listed, the only one that could exist as either a high-spin or a low-spin octahedral complex is Ni²⁺ (B).

Mn²⁺ (A) is a d⁵ ion and will always form a high-spin octahedral complex due to its large number of unpaired electrons.

Sc³⁺ (C) is a d⁰ ion and does not form octahedral complexes with ligands.

Cu²⁺ (D) is a d⁹ ion and typically forms a low-spin octahedral complex due to the stability of the half-filled d⁹ configuration.

Zn²⁺ (E) is a d¹⁰ ion and does not have any unpaired electrons to undergo spin pairing, so it will always form a low-spin octahedral complex.

Therefore, the correct answer is B) Ni²⁺.

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Explanation:

Wyzant

CHEMISTRY

Zoey C. asked • 06/05/19

Calcium hydroxide reacts with sodium phosphate to produce calcium phosphate and sodium hydroxide. If 100 grams of calcium hydroxide reacts with 100 grams of sodium phosphate,

determine the amount of each chemical present when the reaction is complete

Grams calcium hydroxide =?

Grams of sodium phosphate=?

Grams of calcium phosphate=?

Grams of sodium hydroxide?

Mass reactants=?

Mass after reaction?

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J.R. S. answered • 06/06/19

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3Ca(OH)2 + 2Na3PO4 ==> Ca3(PO4)2 + 6NaOH ... balanced equation

First, find the limiting reactant:

moles Ca(OH)2 present = 100 g x 1 mole/74.09 g = 1.35 moles (divided by 3-->0.45)

moles Na3PO4 present = 100 g x 1 mole/163.9 g = 0.610 moles (divided by 2-->0.31)

LIMITING reactant is Na3PO4

There will be zero grams Na3PO4 left after the reaction

For grams Ca(OH)2 left: 0.610 mol NaP x 3 mol Ca(OH)2/2 mol NaP = 0.915 mol Ca(OH)3 used up

Grams left over: 1.35 mol - 0.915 mol = 0.435 mol x 74.09 g/mol = 32 g left over (30 g if use 1 sig. fig.)

For grams of calcium phosphate left: 0.610 mol NaP x 1 mol CaP/2 mol NaP = 0.305 mol CaP formed

Grams at end of rx: 0.305 moles CaP x 310 g/mol = 94 g (90 g if use 1 sig. fig.)

For grams NaOH left: 0.610 mol NaP x 6 mol NaOH/2 mol NaP = 1.83 moles NaOH formed

Grams at end of rx: 1.83 moles NaOH x 40 g/mol = 73 g (70 g if use 1 sig. fig.)

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According to stoichiomtry, 19.99 grams of calcium hydroxide will be needed to completely react with 29.5 grams of sodium phosphate.

Stoichiometry is a process of the determination of proportions of elements or compounds that are present in a chemical reaction. The related relations are based on law of conservation of mass and law of combining weights and volumes.

Stoichiometry is often  used in quantitative analysis for measuring concentrations of substances which are  present in the sample.

As per the stoichiometry of the the given balanced chemical equation,\(222.27\ g\) calcium hydroxide gives \(327.88 \ g\) sodium phosphate, thus,\(29.5 \ g\) sodium phosphate requires,

\(\dfrac{29.5}{327.88}\times{222.27}\\=19.99 \ g\)

Thus, 19.99 grams of calcium hydroxide will be needed to completely react with 29.5 grams of sodium phosphate.

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The number of atoms of 3.0 moles of the particle is  1.807 x 10²⁴ atoms K.

Avogadro's number, which is approximately 6.02 x 10^23 atoms per mole, is used to convert between the number of moles of a substance and the number of atoms (or molecules) in that substance.

Given that you have 3.0 moles of K (potassium), you can use Avogadro's number to calculate the number of atoms in 3.0 moles of K:

3.0 moles K x 6.02 x 10^23 atoms K/mole = 1.807 x 10²⁴ atoms K

So, the correct answer is 1.807 x 10²⁴ atoms K

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Answer:

Explanation:

its B 1mole

Answer:

Radioactive isotopes have many useful applications. In medicine, for example, cobalt-60 is extensively employed as a radiation source to arrest the development of cancer. Other radioactive isotopes are used as tracers for diagnostic purposes as well as in research on metabolic processes.

Explanation:

HOPE THIS HELPS !

Answer:

37%+24%+23%=84% , i wish my answer is correct

Answer:

B.  She can measure the volume and mass of the marble, the volume and mass of the water, and the mass of the empty graduated cylinder.

Answer:

b

Explanation:

Being non-polar molecules, acetone and pentane interact by London dispersion forces. Option a is correct.

Both acetone and pentane are non-polar molecules and interact through London dispersion forces, which are the weakest type of intermolecular force and arise from temporary dipoles induced in the molecules.

Neither acetone nor pentane has a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom, which is necessary for hydrogen bonding. Ion-induced dipole interactions arise between an ion and a non-polar molecule, but neither acetone nor pentane is an ion. Dipole-dipole interactions occur between polar molecules, but acetone is a polar molecule and pentane is non-polar, so they cannot interact through this type of force. Hence option a is correct.

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--The complete question is, How acetone and pentane interact.
Choose one or more: a. london dispersion b. hydrogen bonding c. ion-induced dipole d. dipole-dipole--

The value of ΔG° at 298K for the given reaction is approximately \(-2.48 \times 10^{(-3)} kJ/mol.\)

The equilibrium constant (K) for a reaction is related to the standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°) through the equation:

ΔG° = -RT ln(K)

Where:

ΔG° is the standard Gibbs free energy change

R is the gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K))

T is the temperature in Kelvin

ln represents the natural logarithm

To calculate ΔG at 298K for the given reaction, we can use the equation mentioned above.

Given:

K = \(2.22 \times 10^{(-15)}\) at 298K

T = 298K

ΔG° = -RT ln(K)

  = \(-(8.314 J/(molK))(298K) ln(2.22 \times 10^{(-15)})\)

Converting J to kJ and performing the calculation:

\(\triangle G^o \approx - (8.314 \times 10^{(-3)} kJ/(molK))(298K) ln(2.22 \times 10^{(-15)})\)

    \(\approx -2.48 \times 10^{(-3)} kJ/mol\)

Therefore, the value of ΔG° at 298K for the given reaction is approximately \(-2.48 \times 10^{(-3)} kJ/mol.\)

The negative value of ΔG° indicates that the reaction is spontaneous in the forward direction at 298K.

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Answer: a)Complete ionic equation:

2NH₄⁺ + S²⁻ + Fe²⁺ + SO₄²⁻ → 2NH₄⁺ + SO₄²⁻ + FeS

Net ionic equation:

Fe²⁺ + S²⁻ → FeS

b) Complete ionic equation:

2Na⁺ + SO₃²⁻ + Ca²⁺ + 2Cl⁻ → 2Na⁺ + 2Cl⁻ + CaSO₃

Net ionic equation:

SO₃²⁻ + Ca²⁺ → CaSO₃

c) Complete ionic equation:

Cu²⁺ + SO₄²⁻ + Ba²⁺ + 2Cl⁻ → Cu²⁺ + 2Cl⁻ + BaSO₄

Net ionic equation:

Ba²⁺ + SO₄²⁻ → BaSO₄

Explanation:

(a) Balanced formula equation:

(NH₄)₂S + FeSO₄ → (NH₄)₂SO₄ + FeS

Complete ionic equation:

2NH₄⁺ + S²⁻ + Fe²⁺ + SO₄²⁻ → 2NH₄⁺ + SO₄²⁻ + FeS

Net ionic equation:

Fe²⁺ + S²⁻ → FeS

(b) Balanced formula equation:

Na₂SO₃ + CaCl₂ → NaCl + CaSO₃

Complete ionic equation:

2Na⁺ + SO₃²⁻ + Ca²⁺ + 2Cl⁻ → 2Na⁺ + 2Cl⁻ + CaSO₃

Net ionic equation:

SO₃²⁻ + Ca²⁺ → CaSO₃

(c) Balanced formula equation:

CuSO₄ + BaCl₂ → CuCl₂ + BaSO₄

Complete ionic equation:

Cu²⁺ + SO₄²⁻ + Ba²⁺ + 2Cl⁻ → Cu²⁺ + 2Cl⁻ + BaSO₄

Net ionic equation:

Ba²⁺ + SO₄²⁻ → BaSO₄

Answer:

One joule of work is defined as the amount of energy required to move an object one meter in the direction of the applied force. Work is a measure of the energy transfer that occurs when a force acts on an object and moves it over a distance.

A rotating fan and stretched rubber both contain kinetic energy and potential energy.

rotating fan has kinetic energy

Stretched rubber, on the other hand, has potential energy due to its elasticity.

Answer:

0.10

Explanation:

Answer in edge 2020

Answer:

0.10

Explanation:

Just did it

C₁H₂O₁ is the empirical formula for the substance. The substance has the molecular formula 4 (C₁H₂O₁).

The empirical formula is the most basic whole number ratio of atoms in a given compound. The empirical formula is typically applied to simply display the elements that make up a molecule. This is helpful if you want to quickly identify the elements you're working with. The molecular formula comes in handy when you want to figure out how many atoms of each element are contained in the compound.

Element   %   Atomic mass   Relative no. of atoms  Simplest whole ratio

C          40.6       12                   40.6/12 = 3.3                  3.3/3.3 = 1      

H          5.1          1                      5.1/1 = 5.1                        5.1/3.3 = 2

O         54.2       16                    54.2/16 = 3.3                   3.3/3.3 = 1    

The compound's empirical formula is C₁H₂O₁ or CH₂O

Molecular formula = Empirical formula × n

n = Molecular weight/ Empirical weight

n = 118.034/30

n = 4

Molecular formula = n × Empirical formula

Molecular formula = 4 (C₁H₂O₁)

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Since oxygen consumes more methane than the available, we conclude that methane is the limiting reactant, for which it will be completely consumed, therefore, no remaining methane will be left over.

Insufficient amounts of oxygen, and methane burns to give off carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). When it undergoes combustion it produces a great amount of heat, which makes it very useful as a fuel source.

Methane forms explosive mixtures with air and the loudest explosions occur when one volume of methane is mixed with 10 volumes of air. Air containing less than 5.5% methane no longer explodes.

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To determine the pH of a solution using a pH indicator paper, you need a color chart or a color scale that corresponds to different pH values.

This color chart or scale is used to compare the color of the pH indicator paper after it has been immersed in the solution. The pH indicator paper is impregnated with a universal pH indicator, which is a chemical compound that changes color depending on the acidity or alkalinity of the solution.

The indicator undergoes a chemical reaction with the hydrogen ions (H+) or hydroxide ions (OH-) present in the solution, resulting in a color change.

By comparing the color of the pH indicator paper with the color chart or scale, you can determine the approximate pH of the solution. The color chart usually provides a range of colors corresponding to different pH values, allowing you to match the observed color to the nearest pH value.

In the hypothesis mentioned, the aim is to calibrate a cabbage pH indicator using the pH values obtained from a universal pH indicator. Therefore, in addition to the pH indicator paper and color chart, you would also need a range of solutions with known pH values to establish a calibration curve specific to the cabbage pH indicator.

In summary, to determine the pH of a solution using a pH indicator paper, you need a color chart or scale that correlates the observed color of the pH indicator paper with different pH values. This chart or scale serves as a reference for interpreting the color change and determining the pH of the solution.

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Answer: COLOR KEY

Explanation: CS

Answer:

there is 7 periods and 18 groups

Explanation:

When C₄H₈ is reacted with HCl, it undergoes an addition reaction to form the compound C₄H₉Cl.

C₄H₈ is a hydrocarbon molecule known as 1-butene, which contains a carbon-carbon double bond.

HCl is a hydrogen halide, which is a strong acid that can react with alkenes (compounds containing carbon-carbon double bonds) via an addition reaction.

During the reaction, the HCl molecule adds across the double bond of 1-butene, breaking the double bond and forming a new single bond between one of the carbon atoms in 1-butene and the hydrogen in HCl. This results in the formation of a new compound, C₄H₉Cl, which is a chlorinated alkane.

The reaction can be written as follows:

C₄H₈ + HCl → C₄H₉Cl

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A non-spontaneous process is one in which the overall entropy change is negative.

Thermodynamic principles are used to optimize the performance of our houses' heating and cooling systems, other buildings' engines, and even the motor cars we drive.

The amount of thermal energy per unit of temperature in a system that is not accessible for doing beneficial work. The quantity of entropy is also a gauge of a system's molecular disorder, or unpredictability, since work is produced by organized molecular motion.

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Answer:

Shear

Explanation:

: PM2.5 is defined as the mass concentration of particles in the air less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers in diameter.Question 15: False, carbon dioxide (CO2) is not considered a criteria air pollutant.

Question 16: The closest answer is 50%, but the exact percentage is not provided in the question.Question 17: The term "photochemical smog" is most synonymous with ozone (O3), which is a criteria air pollutant.Question 18: True, attainment of ambient air quality standards requires that measured concentrations at all monitoring stations within an air district are below ambient air standards.

Question 14 asks about the definition of PM2.5. PM2.5 refers to particulate matter with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers. It represents the mass concentration of particles suspended in the air, which are small enough to be inhaled into the respiratory system and can have adverse health effects.

Question 15 states whether carbon dioxide (CO2) is a criteria air pollutant. Criteria air pollutants are a set of pollutants regulated by environmental agencies due to their detrimental impact on air quality and human health. However, carbon dioxide is not considered a criteria air pollutant because it does not directly cause harm to human health or the environment in the same way as pollutants like ozone or particulate matter.

Question 16 asks about the percentage of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from mobile sources in Santa Clara County. While the exact percentage is not provided in the question, the closest answer option is 50%. However, it is important to note that the precise percentage may vary depending on specific local conditions and emissions sources.

Question 17 inquires about the criteria air pollutant most synonymous with the term "photochemical smog." Photochemical smog is primarily associated with high levels of ground-level ozone (O3). Ozone is formed when nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react in the presence of sunlight, creating a hazy and polluted atmospheric condition.

Question 18 addresses the concept of "attainment" of ambient air quality standards. To achieve attainment, measured concentrations of pollutants at all monitoring stations within an air district must be below the established ambient air quality standards. This ensures that the air quality in the given area meets the required standards for protecting human health and the environment.

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Answer:

4464 min

Explanation:

24 hr/day  *  60 min/ hr  *  3.1 day = 4464 min

Knowing that one day is 24 hours and one hour is 60 minutes, there would be  4464 minutes in the 3.1 days.

A unit of measurement is a specified magnitude of a quantity that is established and used as a standard for measuring other quantities of the same kind.

It is determined by convention or regulation.

As given in the problem , knowing that one day is 24 hours and one hour is 60 minutes, then we have to find out there are how many minutes in 3.1 days,

1 day  =  24 hours

1 day  =  24 ×60 minutes

3.1  days   = 3.1 ×24×60 minutes

                = 4464 minutes

Thus, there are 4464 minutes in 3.12 days.

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Enantiomers are: E) non-superposable molecules that are mirror images of each other.

In Science, stereoisomerism is sometimes referred to as spatial isomerism and it can be defined as a form of isomerism in which chemical species of molecules have the same molecular formula, but differ in how their atoms are positioned (arranged) in three-dimensional orientations of space.

This ultimately implies that, stereoisomerism occurs when two molecules are composed of the same atoms that are connected in the same sequence but these atoms are positioned (arranged) differently in space.

Based on scientific records, enantiomers are mirror images of one another and cannot be aligned in space to be identical because they are non-superposable molecules.

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