The earliest known mineralized structures in vertebrates are associated with .
A) feeding
B) locomotion
C) defense
D) respiration
Answers
The earliest known mineralized structures in vertebrates are associated with feeding.
What is mineralized structures?Tissues that have incorporated minerals into soft matrices are referred to as mineralized tissues. These tissues typically serve as a structural support or a shield of protection. Mineralized tissues include bone, mollusk shells, radiolarians, diatoms, Euplectella species of deep sea sponges, tendon, cartilage, tooth enamel, and dentin.Over millions of years of evolution, these tissues have been precisely tailored to improve their mechanical properties. As a result, there have been numerous studies on mineralized tissues because there is much that can be learned from nature, as seen by the expanding field of biomimetics. These tissues are prime candidates for artificial tissue duplication due to their extraordinary structural organization and technical qualities. Mineralized tissues encourage multifunctionality, flexibility, and downsizing.To learn more about mineralized structures visit:
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Related Questions
If you were to make a visual model of a receptor protein that is part of a signal transduction pathway, which key property should be included? 1) The model should show the receptor protein's ability to bind to many different types of signal molecules.
2) The model should show the receptor protein's cytoplasmic domain maintaining a constant conformation at all times.
3) The model should show the receptor protein's cytoplasmic domain undergoing conformational change when the signal molecule binds to its extracellular domain.
4) The model should show the receptor protein diffusing laterally along the cell membrane in response to binding of a signal molecule to its extracellular domain.
Answers
Option 3 is correct. Suppose you create visual model of receptor protein that is part of signaling pathway. Model should show that the cytoplasmic domain of a receptor protein undergoes a conformational change upon binding of a signaling molecule to its extracellular domain.
What is a signaling pathway?The process by which cells respond to extracellular substances through signaling molecules on and within the cell is called signal transduction pathway.
What are three steps of signaling?Cell signaling can be divided into three stages. 1) Receive: Cells recognize signaling molecules from outside the cell. 2) Transduction: When a signaling molecule binds to a receptor, it modifies the receptor protein in some way. 3) Response: Finally, signals trigger specific cellular responses.
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A botanist crosses two pink-flowered plants. The cross involves alleles that were not clearly dominant or recessive and could make red, pink, and white-flowered plants. If four plants are produced from the cross, what is the expected number of white-flowered plants?
Answers
Answer:
1
Explanation:
According to the information in this question, a gene coding for flower color in a plant is involved. The allele for red color (R) is incompletely dominant over the allele for white color (r) to form an intermediate phenotype/color i.e. Pink that is heterozygous (Rr) for the gene.
If two pink plants are crossed i.e. Rr × Rr, each parent will produce R and r gametes. Using these gametes in a punnet square (see attached image), the following offsprings will result: RR, Rr, Rr, and rr.
Out of these four offsprings;
1 RR is red : 2 Rr is pink: 1 rr is white
Hence, If four plants are produced from this cross, according to this question, the expected number of white-flowered plants will be 1 out of 4.
Which organism in this food web would you expect to
have the greatest amount of biomass if a biomass
pyramid was created for this ecosystem?
Answers
Answer:
Or you could mindlessly type "KELP" into the space...
Explanation:
Answer:
Kelp
Explanation:
ed22
this experiment tested natural selection. what could be another possible mechanism of evolution for the rabbits to evolve?
Answers
This experiment tested natural selection, could be another possible mechanism of evolution for the rabbits to evolve is genetic drift.
This is occurs when chance events change the frequency of alleles in a population over time. Genetic drift is more likely to occur in small populations, where chance events can have a greater impact on allele frequencies. Another possible mechanism is gene flow, which is the transfer of alleles from one population to another. Gene flow can introduce new alleles into a population, increasing genetic diversity and potentially leading to evolution.
However, it can also reduce genetic differences between populations and prevent them from evolving independently. A third possible mechanism is mutation, which is a random change in the DNA sequence that can create new alleles. If a mutation is beneficial, it can spread through a population through natural selection. If a mutation is harmful, it can be eliminated from a population through natural selection. Overall, there are multiple possible mechanisms of evolution that could cause rabbits to evolve.
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The actual costs for 2019 and 2020 were as follows: 2019 2020 Direct materials: Plastic frames $ 4.00 $ 3.80 Lens set 17.00 17.20 Direct labor 32.00 (1.6 hours) 30.00 (1.5 hours) Indirect manufacturing costs: Variable 8.00 7.10 Fixed 2.00 (50,000 units) 1.60 (60,000 units) Beginning in 2020, Nearsight implemented a continuous improvement program that required a first-year cost reduction target of a 5 percent reduction of the 2019 base. Nearsight's continuous improvement target for plastic frames in 2020 was: Select one: A. $4.40 B. $3.72 C. $4.00 D. $3.80
Answers
The continuous improvement program of Nearsight resulted in a 5% reduction in costs for 2020 compared to 2019. The target cost reduction for plastic frames in 2020 was $3.80, which was achieved by the company. Therefore, option (D) is correct.
In 2020, Nearsight implemented a continuous improvement program that aimed to reduce costs by 5% compared to the previous year. This program included a target cost reduction for plastic frames, which was achieved by reducing the cost from $4.00 in 2019 to $3.80 in 2020.
The program also included reductions in other costs such as direct materials, direct labor, and indirect manufacturing costs. The program was successful in achieving the cost reduction target for plastic frames, contributing to the overall success of the continuous improvement program for Nearsight.
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Why are seismic waves considered
mechanical waves?
A. They must travel through a medium, such as
the bedrock of the Earth.
B. They will only travel through empty space.
C. They travel in circles.
D. They do not require a medium.
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is - option A.
Explanation:
The seismic waves are the waves that are the result of an explosion or the breaking of the rock within the earth. In other words, when these explosions or breaking cause an energy transfer within the earth are seismic waves. Seismic waves require a medium to travel and normally it is the earth.
The bedrock of earth is a great example of a medium for traveling these waves that make it a mechanical wave. Earthquake is the result of such waves.
What are Prezygotic and postzygotic mechanisms of reproductive isolation?
Answers
Prezygotic mechanisms prevent the formation of hybrids, while postzygotic mechanisms act after hybrid formation. Together, these mechanisms contribute to reproductive isolation, maintaining the genetic integrity of different species and promoting the divergence of populations over time.
Prezygotic Mechanisms: Prezygotic mechanisms act before the formation of a zygote (fertilized egg) and prevent successful mating or fertilization between individuals of different species. These mechanisms include;
Geographic or Ecological Isolation: Individuals of different species are physically separated by geographic barriers, such as mountains, bodies of water, or distinct habitats, preventing them from encountering each other and mating.
Mechanical Isolation: Structural differences in reproductive organs or physical incompatibilities between individuals of different species prevent successful mating or transfer of gametes.
Gametic Isolation: The gametes (sperm and eggs) of different species are incompatible, either due to biochemical differences or mechanisms that prevent fertilization between them.
Postzygotic Mechanisms: Postzygotic mechanisms act after the formation of a hybrid zygote and either reduce the hybrid's fitness or prevent successful reproduction of hybrids. These mechanisms include;
Reduced Hybrid Viability: Hybrids may have lower survival rates, be more susceptible to diseases or malformations, or have reduced overall fitness compared to individuals of the parental species.
Reduced Hybrid Fertility: Hybrids may be sterile or have reduced fertility, meaning they are unable to produce viable offspring.
Hybrid Breakdown: In some cases, first-generation hybrids may be viable and fertile, but when they mate with individuals of either parental species or other hybrids in subsequent generations, the fitness or fertility of their offspring decreases.
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Because the genetic code is non-overlapping, a missense mutation (from a single nucleotide change) results in the alteration of ___________, and the resulting protein has _____________.
Answers
Answer:
only one codon; a single amino acid change
Explanation:
The genetic code is a set of nearly universal rules by which living cells direct the translation of the information encoded in genetic material (either DNA or RNA) into amino acids. The messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence obtained from the process of transcription consists of triplets of nucleotides or 'codons' which are used to code for all the 20 essential amino acids during translation. The genetic code is not overlapping because each letter contained in the genetic material (i.e., each nucleotide) cannot be used for two different codons. In consequence, a single substitution (mutation) in the nucleotide sequence can change only one codon, thereby changing only one amino acid in the polypeptide chain.
Explain how gravity affects a plant's growth. pls
Answers
Answer:
Plants respond directly to Earth's gravitational attraction, and also to light. Stems grow upward, or away from the center of Earth, and towards light. ... Plants' growth response to gravity is known as gravitropism; the growth response to light is phototropism. Both tropisms are controlled by plant growth hormones.
Identify the genotype for each numbered item. 1. 2. 3. item 1 is a combination of upper r y and upper r upper y. item 2 is a combination of r y and upper r y. item 3 is the row label of a genotype of upper r r upper y y with a column label of upper r upper y. item 4 is is a combination of r upper y and item 3.
Answers
Based on the dihybrid cross, the genotype of the numbered item are as follows:
RY × Ry = RRYyRy × ry = Rryyry × RY = RrYyry × rY = rrYyWhat is a genotype?Two аlleles for а given gene in а diploid orgаnism аre expressed аnd interаct to produce physicаl chаrаcteristics. The observаble trаits expressed by аn orgаnism аre referred to аs its phenotype. Аn orgаnism’s underlying genetic mаkeup, consisting of both the physicаlly visible аnd the non-expressed аlleles, is cаlled its genotype.
А Punnett squаre is а chаrt thаt аllowsus to eаsily determine the expected percentаge of different genotypes in the offspring of two pаrents. Аn exаmple of а Punnett squаre is shown in Figure below. From a Punnet square, the genotype for each numbered item is
RY × Ry = RRYyRy × ry = Rryyry × RY = RrYyry × rY = rrYyIt is shown that
Genotypic ratio: 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1Phenotypic ratio: 9:3:3:1Your question is incomplete, but most probably your question can be seen in the Attachment
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Draw a diagram to show the working of a catalyst to break starch into sugar molecule
Answers
Answer:
Hope this helps you...
Which is not included in a niche that a
species occupies?
A. the habitat that the species lives in
B. the diet of the species
C. the species' step on a food web
D. the population size of that species
Answers
which of the fayum primates may be linked to the platyrrhines as evidenced by the presence of three premolars? group of answer choices proconsulids parapithecids propliopithecids oligopithecids previousnext
Answers
The fayum primates may be linked to the platyrrhines as evidenced by the presence of three premolars because there are three premolars, parapithecids may be related to platyrrhines.
The required details about parapithecids is mentioned in below paragraph.
The higher primates are most evolved than the parapithecids. Its basic features are its dental formula, which is the same as that of New World Monkeys. We can infer from this that all higher primates share the same fundamental dental equation, and that it existed before the division between Old World and New World monkeys.
Primates belonging to the extinct Parapithecidae family lived in Egypt throughout the Eocene and Oligocene eras. Additionally, the family occasionally includes Eocene fossils from Myanmar. They possessed short faces and jaws that resembled tarsiers, yet they shared some dental characteristics with Condylarthra. They belong to the superfamily Parapithecoidea and are maybe equally connected to Ceboidea, Cercopithecoidea, and Hominoidea, while it is unclear where Parapithecoidea actually belongs. Its postcranial skeleton is comparable to that of extant species of pronograde leapers, indicating that its likely mode of movement was pronograde leaping, and it looks to have been arboreal, diurnal, and frugivorous.
Primates also appears to have lived in social groupings.
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A segment of DNA is represented in the illustration.
Answers
Answer:
DNA is made up of molecules called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a sugar group and a nitrogen base. The four types of nitrogen bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). The order of these bases is what determines DNA's instructions, or genetic code
Explanation:
As a sequence of nucleotides it is the information for a specific protein carried on the DNA molecule. The correct option is A.
What is nucleotide sequence?The most fundamental understanding of a gene or genome is its nucleotide sequence.
Without having this information, no understanding of how genes function or how evolution works would be complete. It is the blueprint that carries the instructions for developing an organism.
The four nucleotides that make up DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) (C).
The two DNA strands are connected by base pairs, which are formed when the nucleotides (A with T and G with C) bind to one another.
It is the data for a particular protein contained on the DNA molecule as a sequence of nucleotides.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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Your question seems incomplete, the complete question is:
A segment of DNA is represented in the illustration. How is information for a specific protein carried on the DNA molecule?
answer choices
As a sequence of nucleotides
In the double-helix shape of the condensed chromosome
In the ratio of adenines to thymines
As a pattern of phosphates and sugars
What is reproductive isolation?Why is it necessary for speciation to occur? Explain one way reproductive isolation might occur.
Answers
Reproductive isolation is a process in which individuals in a population are prevented from reproducing. This isolation can occur in several ways, such as a physical barrier that separated these species into two groups that will reproduce with each other and generate a new species.
Why is it necessary for speciation to occur?Speciation is an essential evolutionary process for the creation of new species. It is worth remembering that from reproductive isolation, the individuals of a population have been differentiating and evolving and in the end, there will be a different species from the initial one. Therefore, speciation is necessary for the emergence of new species.
Explain one way reproductive isolation might occur.Reproductive isolation may occur due to a geographic barrier. In this case, a population is separated by a geographic barrier such as a river, a canyon, or a mountain, thus generating subpopulations that will begin to evolve and adapt in different ways. In the end, we will have different subpopulations, but in the beginning, they were part of the same population.
Practice 1: Asexual Reproduction
Which of the following describes asexual reproduction?
Passing an identical set of genes to the offspring
Sorting only the best genes to pass on to the offspring
Passing unique sets of genes to the offspring
Engineering new sets of genes for the offspring
SUBMIT
Answers
Answer:
Passing And Identical Set Of Genes To The Offspring
Explanation:
56. If you partially hydrogenate oleic acid, the resulting molecule most likely would:
Answers
Answer:
have a double bond changed from cis to trans.
Explanation:
the double bond changed from cis to trans does something to the acid and helps it expand more overtime
The children and grandchildren of "baby boomers" have developed a more favourable evaluation of the military, leading them to be more willing to serve in the military. This evaluation could also be referred to as a(n):
c. cognitive dissonance particle
a. affect
b. counter-judgment
d. attitude
Answers
The more favorable evaluation of the military among the children and grandchildren of "baby boomers," leading to increased willingness to serve, could be referred to as an attitude.
An attitude refers to a psychological tendency or evaluation that influences an individual's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors towards a particular object, person, or group. In this case, the more favorable evaluation of the military among the younger generations suggests a positive attitude towards the military. This positive attitude is likely shaped by various factors, including the influence of their parents or grandparents who are part of the baby boomer generation, societal changes, cultural shifts, and experiences or exposure to positive narratives or representations of the military. This favorable evaluation manifests in a greater willingness to serve in the military, indicating a connection between the attitude and behavior.
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What are regions of the alveololigual sulcus?
Answers
Answer:
The alveololingual sulcus is the space between the residual ridge and the tongue extending posteriorly from the lingual frenum to the retromylohyoid curtain
On what factors does numbers of sweaters a factory owner produces depend?
Answers
They are employed in the creation of goods and services. Land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship are the four categories of components of factory production that economics distinguish between.
What are the four production factors used for?The factors of production are the resources needed to produce a good or service in order to earn money. The four elements of production are land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurialism, according to economists. An economy could be said to be built on them.
What are the four production factors?Land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship are the four categories into which economists generally divide the components of production. Natural resources are referred to as "land," "labor" is defined as "work effort,” and "capital" is everything created that is used to create anything else.
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A model of a eukaryotic cell is shown above. What is the best description of how structures 4, 5, and 6 interact to work together?
A) They mobilize lipids and ribosomes to the cytoplasm.
B) They synthesize proteins and mobilize them for excretion from the cell.
C) They detoxify the chemicals that would otherwise build up and destroy the cell.
D) They harness energy from food and small energetic molecules engulfed by the cell.
Answers
Answer:
The answer Is B
Explanation:
During , the cell's nucleus duplicates itself and the cell divides. During , a specialized form of cell division occurs to form egg and sperm cells.
Answers
a specialized form of cell division occurs to form egg and sperm cells : Mitosis, Meiosis, Fertilization
What is Fertilization?
During fertilization, the main nucleus of an embryo is formed by the combination of a paternal sperm nucleus and a maternal egg nucleus. In reality, the process of fertilization in all organisms involves the union of the genetic material from two gametes, or separate sex cells, each of which has half the number of chromosomes that are typical for the species. In microorganisms and protozoans, the earliest type of fertilization involves the transfer of genetic material between two cells.
The fusing of the two gametes' membranes, which results in the creation of a channel that allows material to go from one cell to the other, is the first critical event in fertilization.
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For the muscle to contract and relax, what must be present (choose all that apply)?
Answers
For the muscle to contract and relax, a) ATP b) calcium ions c) ACh must be present.
Cells like muscle and nerves consume a lot of ATP. Large amounts of glucose are consumed by nerve cells, which they then use to produce ATP through aerobic respiration. Fatty acids and glucose can both be used by muscle cells for aerobic respiration.In muscle cells, ATP is required for the active transport of calcium (Ca++) and the movement of motor proteins. ATP is primarily used in nerves for the active movement of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions, but it is also used to power the endomembrane system's release of neurotransmitter molecules.Ions of calcium are important. By fostering connections between the proteins myosin and actin, Ca2+ ions are crucial for muscle contraction. The actin filament's C component, which the Ca2+ ions bind to, reveals the binding location.Acetylcholine (Ach) enables the contraction of skeletal muscles, the release of norepinephrine and adrenaline by the adrenal glands, and the activation of the sympathetic nervous system by the peripheral sympathetic ganglia.learn more about muscle here: https://brainly.com/question/13920046
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In the Rainfall and Bird Beaks Gizmos, how did the bird beak depth change in drought conditions?
A. Beaks got longer because the only birds that survived had larger beaks that could crack the hard seeds
B. No change
C. Beaks got shorter because the birds had to scrape more to find seeds.
Answers
Answer:
I believe it would be option a, beaks got longer because the only birds that survived had larger beaks that could crack the hard seeds
Explanation:
In years of extreme drought, Galápagos plants don’t produce new seeds. The small, delicate seeds get eaten up quickly, leaving behind only the largest, toughest seeds.
Which of the following is a method used to obtain the relative age of a rock or fossil?
a
Decay rates
b
Radiometric dating
c
Superposition
d
Uniformitarianism
i know its not radiometric dating
Answers
Answer:
Radiometric dating
Explanation:
Osmosis refers only to water molecules that enter through a semi-permeable membrane.
True
False
Answers
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Osmosis refers to the diffusion of water molecules ONLY.
Osmosis refers only to molecules that enter through the semi permeable. - True
the presence or absence of a predator keeps the population of all trophic level under control. this is known as
Answers
The ecosystem's food web that is regulated by predators is another name for this strategy.
When there is no predator, what happens in the ecosystem?The prey species quickly degrade and overrun its environment in the absence of predators to regulate population growth and modify feeding habits. When food is in short supply, people get sick and underfed and either leave or collapse.
Why does the presence of predators maintain the stability of an ecosystem?Predators aid in the management of prey species' numbers, which has an impact on the number of plants and animals farther up the food chain. For instance, sharks frequently eat sick or old fish, allowing healthier fish to flourish.
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1. A ____ square is used to determine all combinations of how parents can pass on their alleles.
2._________ is the physical expression of a particular trait?
3. If offspring inherit a dominant black allele and a recessive white allele what is the genotype of Bb? ___________
4. Is the dominant or the recessive allele expressed?_________
5. The________ allele is hidden but can be passed down do the next generation
PLEASE HELP ME!!!!!!
Answers
Answer:
1.) Punnett
2.) phenotype
3.) I'm not completely sure on
4.) dominant
5.) recessive
Explanation:
Why does parallel flow (concurrent exchange) limit the amount of oxygen that can be extracted from water?
Answers
Parallel flow (concurrent exchange) limits the amount of oxygen that can be extracted from water because as the water and the respiratory medium (such as air) flow in the same direction, they quickly reach a point of equilibrium where the partial pressure of oxygen in the water is equal to that in the respiratory medium. This means that after a certain point, no further diffusion of oxygen occurs, and the oxygen extraction process becomes less efficient. In contrast, countercurrent exchange, where the water and respiratory medium flow in opposite directions, allows for a greater concentration gradient and more efficient oxygen extraction.
Classify the hypothesis about the dwarf planet Pluto as falsifiable or non-falsifiable
Answers
The hypothesis about the dwarf planet Pluto is falsifiable. This means that the hypothesis can be tested through experiments or observations to determine whether it is true or false.
The hypothesis that Pluto is made of ice, can be tested by observing the planet's surface and analyzing its composition. If the results show that Pluto is not made of ice, then the hypothesis is proven false.
On the other hand, a non-falsifiable hypothesis is one that cannot be tested or proven false. For example, if the hypothesis is that Pluto is the most beautiful planet in the solar system, this cannot be tested or proven false because beauty is a subjective concept and cannot be measured objectively.
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